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Beatrix Cadwalader Farrand (née Jones; June 19, 1872 – February 28, 1959) was a landscape gardener and landscape architect in the United States. Her career included commissions to design about 110 gardens for private residences, estates and country homes, public parks, botanic gardens, college campuses, and the White House. Only a few of her major works survive: Dumbarton Oaks in Washington, D.C.,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.doaks.org/library-archives/garden-archives/biographies/beatrix-farrand )〕 the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Garden on Mount Desert, Maine, the restored Farm House Garden in Bar Harbor, and elements of the campuses of Princeton, Yale, and Occidental.〔Parke, Margaret. "A portrait of Beatrix Farrand", ''American Horticulturist'', April 1985, pp. 10-13.〕 Farrand was one of the founding eleven members, and the only woman, of the American Society of Landscape Architects. Beatrix Farrand is one of the most accomplished persons, and women, recognized in both the first decades of the landscape architecture profession and the centuries of landscape garden design arts and accomplishments.〔 From Introduction: "Beatrix Farrand (1872-1959) was one of America's most celebrated landscape architects. She was renowned for the private estate gardens she designed for the cream of East Coast society as well as for her work as a landscape consultant at some of the country's most prestigious private universities and colleges... Variously praised as 'the Gertrude Jekyll of America' and 'the doyenne of her profession,' Farrand owed her success to her unerring eye for design, profound knowledge of horticulture, phenomenal energy, and deep commitment to her profession that inspired others to follow in her footsteps."〕 ==Early years== Beatrix Cadwalader Jones was born in New York City on June 19, 1872, into a family among whom she liked to claim were "five generations of gardeners."〔 Her mother was Mary Cadwalader Rawle (1850–1923), whose father was lawyer William Henry Rawle (1823–1889). Her father was Frederic Rhinelander Jones (1846–1918). She enjoyed long seasons at the family's summer home Reef Point Estate in Mount Desert Island, Maine.〔 She was the niece of Edith Wharton〔Edith Wharton was the author among other books, of ''Italian Villas and Their Gardens''.〕 and lifelong friend of Henry James, who called her 'Trix'. At age twenty, she was introduced to one of her primary mentors, the botanist Charles Sprague Sargent, who at Harvard University was both a professor of horticulture at the Bussey Institute and the founding director of the Arnold Arboretum in Boston, Massachusetts.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.beatrixfarrandsociety.org/beatrix-farrand/ )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.asla.org/uploadedFiles/Guide/Boston/Neighborhoods/Emerald_Necklace/Arnold_Arboretum.pdf )〕 Farrand lived at Sargent's home, Holm Lea in Brookline, Massachusetts in 1893 and studied landscape gardening, for which there was no specialized school at the time, botany, and land planning.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/flashback-photos-beatrix-farrand-breaks-green-glass-ceiling/ )〕 She wanted to learn drafting to scale, elevation rendering, surveying, and engineering, and so studied at the Columbia School of Mines under the direction of Prof. William Ware. She was influenced in using native plant species from: her many successful Reef Point experiences; studying the contemporary books from the U.S. and abroad advocating the advantages of native palettes; and from visiting the influential British garden authors William Robinson at Gravetye Manor in Sussex, and Gertrude Jekyll at Munstead Wood in Surrey.〔 Jekyll's series of thematic gardening books emphasized the importance and value of natural plantings and were influential in the U.S. On December 17, 1913 Beatrix married Max Farrand,〔 the accomplished historian at Stanford and Yale universities, and the first director of the Huntington Library.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.doaks.org/library-archives/garden-archives/biographies/max-farrand )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Beatrix Farrand」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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